Association between Lifestyle Factors and Fatty Liver Disease Among Young Adults in Islamabad

Abstract

Fatty liver disease (FLD), particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is an emerging public health concern worldwide, with increasing prevalence among young adults, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. This study investigates the relationship between lifestyle factors—such as dietary habits, physical inactivity, obesity, and screen time—and the development of NAFLD among young adults in Islamabad. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 6–12 months, involving 385 participants (aged 18–35 years) from universities, workplaces, and healthcare centers. The findings indicate that 68.1% of participants had been diagnosed with FLD for 1–5 years, with poor dietary choices (over 65% consuming fried/fast food and sugary drinks), low fruit and vegetable intake, and insufficient physical activity (only 32% exercised regularly) contributing to disease prevalence. Additionally, 58% engaged in prolonged screen time, 45% reported high stress, and 40% had inadequate sleep (<6 hours per night). A significant lack of educational resources on FLD was noted (76.4%). These results highlight the need for urgent public health interventions, including educational campaigns, lifestyle modifications, and preventive healthcare strategies, to mitigate the rising burden of NAFLD among young adults. Future research should focus on long-term interventions and policy-driven solutions to address this growing health crisis.