Side Effects of Using Shisha on the Human’s Health: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Smoking has been a tradition in South Asia in the form of Hookah, which was invented during the reign of Akbar the Great. After that when the industries spread in all over the world the cigarettes were invented. The cigar and cigarettes were the most common methods of smoking in Caribbean, Mexico, South and Central America. In the American areas, various plant covers were used in cigarettes but in 17th century maize wrappers were introduced when it was brought back to Spain. By year 1830, the cigarette crossed into France while in 1845, the monopoly of French state started to manufacture the cigarettes. In the history of Pakistan, many brands of cigarettes were introduced and sold in the market. The K2 and Hathora cigarettes remained very famous in the country and mostly used by the labourers.   In British India, Imperial Tobacco Company was established in 1905 but it started its business as Pakistan Tobacco Company in 1947 just after the partition of united India. It was listed as public company in Karachi Stock Exchange in 1956. It is involved from cultivation of tobacco to producing and distribution of cigarettes. Now it is working in Jhelum and Akora Khattak near Nowshera. Now in Pakistan, 48 tobacco companies are working. On the other hand, our young generation has shifted from cigarette to shisha smoking that is many times more harmful for the human health. In this study, the authors have tried to review the available literature regarding the harmful impact of shisha smoking on the human health.

Keywords: Smoking, Shisha, Cigarette, Cancer, Addictive, Alcohol.